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We systematically analyzed the progress on basic research in fetal medicine in China funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China since 1987.Aiming to promote basic research in fetal medicine,a series of effective measures has been implemented by National Natural Science Foundation of China in recent years,such as defining specific research goals and keywords under the application code of fetal medicine,launching emergent management projects and organizing strategic discussion with experts.Despite the wide gap between domestic and foreign researches,we have some advantages and have already made great achievements.Here are some suggestions on future basic research in fetal medicine from the perspective of funding application in China.
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The key factor of chemotherapy for brain disorders is to penetrate brain blood barrier(BBB). Receptor mediated en-docytosis is one of the mechanisms for drug carriers to cross the BBB. Angiopep-2(ANG)can specifically bind to low density lipopro-tein receptor-related proteins 1(LRP-1)overexpressed on BBB and glioma cells,thus exhibits a higher LRP-mediated BBB penetra-tion capability. Its targeting efficiency is higher than that of other targeting molecules such as transferrin and(TF)lactoferrin(LF). This paper introduces the structure and function of ANG,and its application in brain targeting delivery systems,in order to provide references for research and development of brain targeting preparations and guidance for therapy of brain diseases.
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Objective To ascertain the significance of qualitative and quantitative detections of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associ-ated lipocalin(NGAL)in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.Methods 74 patients with diabetes mellitus were divided into the normoalbuminuria group[(DN1 ,n =26,urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER)300 mg/24 h)according to the 24 h UAER,and at the same time the control group(n=25)was set up.Both the activity and levels of urine NGAL in the above groups were examined and compared.Results The activity band of urine NGAL in each group were more distinct than that of the control group(P =0.000).The NGAL activity in the macroalbuminuria group was higher than that in the normoalbuminuria group(P 0.05);the quantitative detection demonstrated that differences of the NGAL content existing between the macroalbuminuria group and the other three groups had statistical significance(P =0.000),the urinary NGAL excretion in the macroalbuminuria group was higher than that in the microalbuminuria group,normoalbuminuria group and the control group(P =0.000);No differences were found between the control group and the normoalbuminuria group and between the control group and the microalbuminuria group(P >0.05).Conclu-sion For the patients with diabetic nephropathy,the activity detection of urine NGAL is more sensitive than UAER and the NGAL quantitative detection and could become a new type index in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Objective To explore the effects of mangiterin on behaviors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) of hippocampus in chronic stress depression mice.Methods 60 male mice were randomly divided into normol control group,model group,fluoxetin control group and mangiterin groups (low,medium and high dose),10 mice in each group.All mice except normal control group were singly housed and subjected to chronic stress-induced depression model for 21 consecutive days.The behaviors of mice were detected by open-field test and tail-suspension test.The expression of BDNF in the hippocampus were assessed using western blot.Results Compared with the normal group,mice exposed chronic stress showed decreased body weight((5.33 ±1.20) g),crossing lines (102 ± 18) and distances ((3425 ± 112) mm) notably decreased in open-field behavior test.The duration of immobility during tail-suspension was increased significantly.BDNF expression in the hippocampus(0.45 ± 0.03) was downregulated significantly(P＜ 0.01),while it was upregulated in the groups of mangiterin(P ＜ 0.01).Mangiterin group in high dose had the similar effects to fluoxetin group(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Mangiterin can ameliorate behavior impairment of chronic stress induced-depression mice and it may be related to the upregulation of BDNF expression in the hippocampus.
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Objective To study on the effect of nttrsing intervention on coping with fatigue in patients with cervical spine fracture and high paraplegia.Methods 46 patients who suffered cervical spine fracture with paraplegia were divided into the control group and the intervention group with 23 patients in each group randomly.The control group received routine care in general,while the intervention group was given additional systematic nursing intervention by full-time nurses.The brief fatigue inventory(FSI),as fatigue assessment tools,was used to assess the fatigue of patients in the two groups before invention and 20 days after invention respectively.Results As a result,we found that the difference of fatigue between the two groups had no prominent significance before intervention,but after invention the difference had prominent significance.Conclusions The nursing intervention is very important for patients with cervical spine fracture and paraplegia and has significant advantages to alleviate or eliminate patients' fatigue and improve their quality of life.
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Objective To study the effect of early enteral nutrition on stress ulcer in patients with severe craniocerebral injury.Methods 134 patients with severe craniocerebral injury were randomly divided into two groups,the early enteral nutrition group (the EEN group,69 cases) was given nasogastric intubation feeding after hospitalization or within 24 hours postoperation,the delayed enteral nutrition group (the DEN group,65 cases) was given nasogastric intubation feeding 24 hours postoperation.The incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in two groups were compared.Results The incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the EEN group was significantly lower than that of the DEN group.Conclusions Patients with severe brain injury should be given enteral nutrition as soon as possible to reduce the occurrence of stress ulcer and prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Objective To discuss the influence of hardiness conception utilization on rehabilitation of breast cancer patients. Methods 80 breast cancer patients were involved in this trial, the responsible nurses collected and analyzed the data of patients by interview, observation, and investigation question-naires, then gave patients individual directions of hardiness conception according to stage and primary and secondary of the data to arouse the hardiness characteristic of patients. The application results underwentχ2 test. Results The number of psychical problems decreased and the need of information about breast cancer increased obviously after the direction. Conclusions The utilization of hardiness conception can strengthen patients' confidence, raise their treatment compliance, and promote their rehabilitation.
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Objective To analyze the method of self-management education on the health status of patients with gastric carcinoma during chemotherapy. Methods Patients with gastric carcinoma (60 cases) were divided into the test group and the control group with 30 cases in each group. The two groups both received chemotherapy of complete cycle and general health education. The test group adopted self-management education based upon the above treatment, including collective education, group discussion and individual instruction. The treatment effect was appraised and compared by senior primary nurses. Results The recent total effective rate of chemotherapy in the test group was 76.7%, which was higher than that of the control group (50.0%). The level of life quality of the test group was also better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients-centered self-management education could improve the health status of patients with gastric carcinoma during chemotherapy.
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Objective To discuss the influence of health education pathway on detaining time of thoracic drainage tube and standardize the nursing procedure for postoperative patients.Methods Forty five patients after thoracotomy from March to December in 2006 were set as the control group.Fifty patients of the same kind from January to September in 2007 were named the test group.The control group received conventional nursing education.The test group received health education on the day of operation,the first,second,third and fourth day after operation from specified nurses according to health education pathway.The contents included psychological nursing,pain management,respiratory function and physical training and enhancement of drainage efficacy.The average indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube was recorded.Results The average indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube in the test group and the control group was(74.40±8.88)h and(91.68±10.08)h respectively,which showed statistical difference,P＜0.01.Conclusions Application of health education pathway effectively shortened indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube as well as reduced pain and medical costs of patients.
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Objective To discuss the perioperative nursing experience of patients with primary venous reflux disease(PVRD)of lower extremity undergoing external valvuloplasty of superficial femoral vein.Methods Patients(146 cases)with PVRD of lower extremity were given psychological nursing,observation of postoperative complications and rehabilitation exercise instruction.Results Five limbs appeared short lymphatic seepage and other limbs recovered completely.No thrombus Was seen.Venous claudication,swelling and pain disappeared in 90.4% patients.Limbs symptom alleviated in 9.6% patients.All varicos evein disappeared.The function of deep vein valve recovered in 92% patients by color doppler ultra sonoscope re-examination.Conclusions General evaluation before operation,good perioperative psycho logical nursing and attention to the complication and rehabilitation exercise instruction are significant for reduction of postoperative complication and improvement of success rate of operation.
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Objective To design pedometer shoes through wireless transmission step calculation.Methods The transmitting terminals in the soles acquired the pressure signals,and then the signals were transmitted to the SCM after conversion,amplification and comparison.AT89S52 SCM was used for step calculation and then the results were sent to the receiver through nRF905.Results The receiver had three modes,such as the step-calculation mode with the time and step calculation result displayed,the running mode with the distance displayed and the function of stopwatch,and the prompt mode with the distance and consumed power displayed.Conclusion The wireless embedded pedometer shoes are multifunctional,easy to operate and reliable.
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Objective To design a hospital broadcast system with infrared remote control using phonetic chip ISD4004.Methods The author used AT89S52 and infrared remote control module to achieve speech recording and playing in hospital.After simply analyzing ISD4004 working-principle,the author designed the software and hardware modules,and realized a digital voice storage and playback.Results The hospital broadcast system was built based on ISD4004 voice chip and infrared remote control.Conclusion The system provides a low-cost and high-performance hospital automatic broadcast solution and realizes intelligent and automation broadcast.
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Objective To deepen the clinicians' impression on the Laurance-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome(LMBBS),we made a summary in the incidence and clinical manifestations of the disease in China comparing with foreigners.Methods We made evidence-based meta-analysis about the 2 cases reports in 1987 and 2003 in our hospital and literature review of 462 cases in foreign countries and 94 cases in China.Results LMBBS patients,with more frequency of consanguinity and family history,retinal dystrophy,mental retardation,obesity,polydactyly,hypogenitalism,often had many complicated and variable clinical manifestations.Conclusion To avoid intrafamiliy marriage would reduce the incidence rate.The diagnostic criteria and ascertainment methods introduced recently do benefit the early diagnosis in their childhood period.
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The assisted reproductive techniques in China have witnessed rapid development in the past two decades.However,it also brings up issues of ethics and laws,especially the urgent regulation and reinforcement of the procedure of informed consent.This article begins with an explanation of the procedure of informed consent.Then it discusses the decision of the content,major and difficult points of informed consent in assisted reproductive technology services based on the practice in this field.Finally,it discusses the challenges to informed consent.To well enforce an informed consent process,we should first ensure the contents are reasonable and just;second,clinicians should have a scientific understanding of the importance of informed consent and establish normative procedure of informed consent;third,we must work according to relative ethic demands.Last but not least,respecting patients is the key to the principle of ethics.
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Objective To design a new multilevel distributed community-oriented health monitoring based on two serial ports MCU of W77E58.Methods Multi-machine serial communication with high-performance and full-duplex was realized by using the standard RS422 serial interface,which involved several parts in,such as detection and processing module of physiological parameters,communication module and display processing module of the host computer.With the different functional modules and software and hardware connection,multilevel distributed health monitoring was realized.Results RS422,being a simple,easy to control and low-cost communication mode,implemented the communication between these modules.Finally,the distributed measurement & control system with one PC and several MCU systems was implemented.Conclusion A low-cost,high-performance community-oriented health monitoring solution was realized,which can be easily applied to mobile monitoring at home.